miễn giảm
Definition
- Verb:
- To exempt partially or to reduce (a fee, tax, penalty, etc.): To officially excuse someone from paying the full amount of a required charge, or to lessen the amount that must be paid. It implies a partial or conditional removal of an obligation.
- To grant a waiver or a discount: To provide a formal concession that decreases a financial or procedural burden.
Usage Examples
- Verb:
- Sinh viên nghèo được miễn giảm 50% học phí. (Poor students are granted a 50% reduction in tuition fees.)
- Công ty xin miễn giảm thuế cho năm nay. (The company requests a tax exemption/reduction for this year.)
- Nhà nước có chính sách miễn giảm cho các vùng bị thiên tai. (The state has a policy of granting exemptions/reductions for areas affected by natural disasters.)
Advanced Usage
- The term is often used in formal, official contexts such as government policies, school regulations, or legal documents regarding financial obligations.
- It can be applied to various burdens, including taxes, tuition, fines, interest rates, or military service.
Variants and Related Words
- Miễn (v): To exempt completely, to waive entirely.
- Anh ấy được miễn nghĩa vụ quân sự. (He is exempted from military service.)
- Giảm (v): To reduce, to decrease, to discount.
- Cửa hàng giảm giá 20%. (The store is offering a 20% discount.)
- Miễn giảm học phí (n phrase): Tuition fee exemption/reduction.
- Miễn giảm thuế (n phrase): Tax relief, tax exemption/reduction.
Synonyms
- To remit: To cancel or refrain from exacting (a payment).
- To abate: To reduce in degree or intensity, often used for payments.
- To grant a reduction: To officially allow a smaller amount to be paid.
Related Idioms
- While "miễn giảm" itself is not typically part of idioms, it is central to formal phrases like:
- Hưởng chế độ miễn giảm: To benefit from an exemption/reduction scheme.
- Đơn xin miễn giảm: Application for a waiver/reduction.